The March 2009 issue of Scientific American reports research on what happens to neurons after neurogenesis in rats. Under normal circumstances thousands of new neurons are generated every day in the dendrate gyrus of the hippocampus. Within a few weeks most of those neurons die if the animal’s life is unremarkable. However, if the animal is confronted with a sufficiently daunting and important learning task and successfully learns something complex and new, then many of the neurons will stay alive. This appears to be particularly applicable to learning that affects future behavior. The “use it or lose it” concept for maintaining cognitive capability seems to relate directly to the survivability of neurons. See the neurogenesis discussion in my Anti-Aging Firewalls paper.
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